Description

Target Information

TGF beta‑1 (TGFB1; Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1) is a widely expressed polypeptide cytokine belonging to the TGF‑β superfamily. In tissues, TGF‑β is typically stored within the extracellular matrix as a latent complex bound to its pro‑domain. Activation of TGF beta‑1 requires αV integrin binding to an RGD motif within the prodomain and the application of mechanical force, which releases the cytokine from its association with latent TGF‑β binding proteins (LTBPs). Latent TGF‑β complexes consist of TGF beta‑1, the amino‑terminal latency‑associated peptide (LAP) derived from the TGF‑β precursor, and an LTBP.
TGF beta‑1 regulates a broad range of cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and migration. Its receptors are expressed on many cell types, enabling TGF beta‑1 to exert both positive and negative regulatory effects on numerous growth factors. Following proteolytic cleavage, TGF beta‑1 exists either in a latent form—comprising a TGFB1 homodimer, a LAP homodimer, and an LTBP—or in an active form consisting of a mature TGF beta‑1 homodimer. The mature cytokine can also form heterodimers with other TGF‑β family members.
TGFB1 expression is frequently elevated in tumor cells, and pathogenic variants in this gene are associated with disorders such as Camurati‑Engelmann disease and cystic fibrosis.

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Form: Lyophilized